tõlgitud

Tõlgitud is an Estonian adjective formed as a past passive participle of the verb tõlkima (to translate). It means translated and is used to describe texts, works or other content that has been translated from another language into Estonian or into another target language. The form is commonly seen in publishing, bibliographic notes and catalog entries to distinguish originals from translations.

Grammatical notes: Tõlgitud functions as an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in number and case, as in tõlgitud raamat (translated book) or tõlgitud tekst (translated text). In typical sentences it can appear in predicate position, for example, See raamat on tõlgitud (This book is translated). The word is derived from the noun tõlge (translation) and the verb tõlkima, with the past passive participle suffix -tud.

Usage and context: The term is widely used in bibliographic descriptions, library catalogs, publishing metadata and linguistic discussions to mark works that were originally written in another language. It may be followed by a specification of the source language, such as tõlgitud inglise keelest (translated from English) or tõlgitud vene keelest (translated from Russian).

Related forms and contrasts: Tõlkimine refers to the act of translating (the process), while tõlge denotes the translation itself (the result). Tõlgitud contrasts with originaal or originaalet tekst, which indicate an original text not derived from translation. In some contexts, the passive nuance emphasizes the completed state of the translation rather than the translator.

Overall, tõlgitud is a standard Estonian term for indicating that a text has been translated, serving as an essential descriptor in linguistic and bibliographic communications.