sünoviaalne

Sünoviaalne is Estonian an adjective used in medical terminology to describe structures related to the synovial system of joints. It is commonly applied to sünoviaalne liiges (synovial joints), sünoviaalne membraan (synovial membrane) and sünoviaalne vedelik (synovial fluid).

Anatomy and function: A sünoviaalne liiges is a diarthrosis characterized by a joint capsule lined by the synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity. The fluid lubricates articular surfaces, reduces friction, and provides nutrients to avascular cartilage. The membrane contains synoviocytes and a small number of immune cells and can respond to injury.

Synovial fluid: The fluid is a viscous, clear to pale yellow liquid containing hyaluronic acid and lubricin. It enables smooth movement and distributes mechanical loads. Inflammation alters its properties, increasing cellularity and protein content.

Clinical relevance: Sünoviit refers to inflammation of the synovial membrane and can accompany various arthropathies such as autoimmune arthritis, crystal-induced arthritis, infectious arthritis, or osteoarthritis with inflammatory features. Symptoms include joint swelling, warmth, pain, and reduced range of motion. Chronic synovitis may contribute to cartilage damage and joint destruction. Diagnosis combines clinical assessment with imaging and, if needed, analysis of joint fluid.

Terminology: The term sünoviaalne is used for structures tied to the synovial system, including joints, membranes, and fluids, and is often encountered in descriptions of bursae and tendon sheaths that share synovial lining.