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Sleep-meal rhythms, often referred to as circadian rhythms of feeding, describe the interplay between the body's internal biological clock and eating patterns. This biological clock regulates a variety of physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles and metabolism, over a roughly 24-hour period. The timing of meals can significantly influence these rhythms, impacting hormone secretion, energy expenditure, and nutrient processing.

Consuming food at consistent times each day helps to synchronize the body's internal clock with external cues, particularly light. This synchronization is crucial for optimal health. Irregular eating patterns, such as late-night meals or prolonged fasting periods, can desynchronize these rhythms, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances. Research suggests that misalignment between eating times and the body's natural circadian cycle may be associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

The human body exhibits distinct metabolic states during both the active (daytime) and resting (nighttime) periods. During the day, metabolism is generally geared towards nutrient absorption and utilization. At night, while the body is at rest, it shifts towards energy conservation and repair processes. Eating during the body's designated rest period can disrupt these processes, as the digestive system is forced to work when it is programmed to be inactive. Therefore, maintaining regular meal times that align with the natural sleep-wake cycle is considered beneficial for metabolic health and overall well-being.