sähkömuuntajissa

Sähkömuuntaja is the Finnish term for an electrical transformer. An electrical transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits. Transformers are most commonly used for increasing ('stepping up') or decreasing ('stepping down') voltage levels between circuits. They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

A typical transformer consists of two or more coils of wire, known as windings, which are insulated from each other and from their surroundings. The windings are wound around a common ferromagnetic core, often made of laminated iron. The primary winding is connected to the input AC voltage source, and the secondary winding is connected to the load. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic flux in the core. This changing magnetic flux then induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary winding, causing an alternating current to flow in the secondary circuit.

The ratio of the voltage in the secondary winding to the voltage in the primary winding is approximately equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary winding. This allows for efficient voltage transformation without significant power loss. Sähkömuuntajat are essential components in power grids, enabling the transmission of electricity at high voltages over long distances to reduce energy loss, and then stepping down the voltage to safe levels for domestic and industrial use. They are also found in numerous electronic devices, such as power supplies, chargers, and audio equipment.