sydänrytmihäiriöihin

Sydänrytmihäiriö, known medically as arrhythmia, refers to any disturbance in the normal electrical activity of the heart that causes it to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. The heart's rhythm is controlled by a complex electrical system that ensures its chambers contract in a coordinated manner. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various types of arrhythmias.

Symptoms of heart rhythm disturbances can vary widely. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others might feel palpitations, a fluttering sensation in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or even fainting. The severity of symptoms often depends on the type and duration of the arrhythmia, as well as the individual's overall health.

Causes of arrhythmias are diverse and can include underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease. Non-cardiac factors also play a role, including electrolyte imbalances, thyroid problems, sleep apnea, stress, certain medications, alcohol consumption, and stimulants like caffeine. Congenital heart defects and aging can also contribute to the development of arrhythmias.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a primary diagnostic tool that records the electrical activity of the heart. Other tests may include Holter monitoring (a portable ECG worn for 24-48 hours), event monitoring, echocardiography, and electrophysiology studies (EPS).

Treatment for arrhythmias depends on the specific type, its severity, and the presence of underlying causes. Options range from lifestyle modifications and medication to more invasive procedures. Medications can help control heart rate and rhythm or prevent blood clots. In some cases, procedures like electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, or the implantation of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be necessary.