swiveling

Swiveling refers to the rotation of a component around a fixed axis relative to another component, enabled by a swivel bearing or joint. Swivels provide rotational movement while restraining translational displacement. In mechanical terms, a swivel is a bearing-supported joint that allows turning about a single axis; it is distinct from a universal joint, which accommodates rotation about two perpendicular axes, and from a hinge, which may not rely on bearing surfaces for smooth rotation.

Common forms include ball-bearing swivels, roller swivels, and thrust swivels. A typical swivel consists of inner and outer races, rolling elements, a cage, and mounting provisions such as bolts or a mounting plate. Some swivels permit continuous 360-degree rotation, others are designed for limited travel with detents or locks. Locking swivels can fix the axis orientation, improving stability during operation.

Applications span furniture and equipment design, including office chairs and turntables, camera and lighting rigs, industrial machinery, and marine hardware. In fishing, swivels are used to prevent line twist and to connect leaders and lures to the main line. In robotics, swivel joints enable rotation of an arm about a pivot while other parts remain fixed.

Design considerations include load rating, rotational friction, wear, lubrication, corrosion resistance, and environmental exposure. Proper alignment during installation is important to avoid binding or uneven wear. Regular inspection for looseness, noise, play, or degraded seals is advised, and maintenance may involve lubrication or seal replacement.