surfboard

A surfboard is a buoyant board used to ride breaking waves. Surfers paddle to catch a wave, then stand and maneuver the board to ride along the wave’s face, using balance, weight distribution, and sometimes fins for directional control.

Most modern boards consist of a foam core wrapped in fiberglass reinforced with resin (polyester or epoxy). The resulting shell is rigid enough to plan on a wave while remaining lightweight. Traditional boards were carved from solid timber. Fin systems vary, including single fins, twin fins, thrusters, and quads, often using removable fin boxes for versatility.

Sizes range from longboards (about 9–12 feet) to shortboards (roughly 5.5–7 feet) and intermediate designs called funboards or hybrids (7–9 feet). Longer boards emphasize stability and glide; shorter boards favor speed and quick turns. Fin configuration and board rocker influence steering, release, and paddling efficiency.

The modern surfboard emerged from Polynesian traditions and was popularized in Hawaii in the early 20th century. After World War II, shorter boards and new materials led to a broad range of shapes and performance-oriented designs that spread worldwide.

Maintenance includes regular waxing of the deck for grip and rinsing after use to remove salt. A leash helps prevent loss in large waves. Boards require periodic repairs for dings or delamination, and there is growing emphasis on sustainable resins and recyclable cores.