sunbathing

Sunbathing is the deliberate exposure of the skin to sunlight, typically outdoors, with the aim of warming the body, tanning the skin, or improving mood. It often involves lying or sitting in a sunny area for an extended period.

People sunbathe for cosmetic reasons (a tan), perceived health benefits such as vitamin D production, and psychological effects related to mood and relaxation. In many cultures, tanned skin has been associated with leisure, outdoor activity, and higher social status.

Exposure varies from whole-body to partial exposure. Some use tanning beds, which emit UV radiation similar to sunlight but are linked to increased skin cancer risk. Protective measures—sunscreen, clothing, and shade—can reduce UV dose while still allowing some exposure.

Risks include sunburn, accelerated skin aging, eye damage, and an elevated risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. The chance of harm depends on skin type, history of sunburn, and UV intensity. Public health guidance emphasizes moderation and protection, particularly during peak sun hours.

Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin with sun exposure, but requirements vary by latitude, season, and skin type. When sun exposure is limited or cautioned, dietary sources or supplements may be used to maintain adequate vitamin D levels.