stwierdzajcymi

Stwierdzającymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish present active participle stwierdzający, derived from the verb stwierdzać, meaning to state or declare. This participle functions as an adjective-like form that denotes someone or something that makes a statement or assertion. In standard Polish, the diacritic form is stwierdzającymi; without diacritics an unaccented variant may appear in non-formal texts, but it is generally considered incorrect in careful writing.

Morphology and form: As a present active participle, stwierdzający declines like an adjective. The instrumental plural form is stwierdzającymi, used to modify masculine personal nouns in the instrumental case (for example, documenting a state or assertion by such agents). The form stwierdzajcymi is a misspelling without proper diacritics.

Usage and nuance: The participle is common in formal, legal, scientific, and journalistic Polish. It emphasizes the act of stating a fact, rather than merely claiming it, and can attribute the act to people, organizations, or documents. It often appears in constructions such as “dokumentami stwierdzającymi pewne fakty” (documents stating certain facts), where the participle describes the function of the noun it accompanies.

Distinctions: stwierdzający/stwierdzająca contrasts with twierdzący (claiming, asserting) and potwierdzający (confirming). While related, stwierdzający stresses the formal act of stating or establishing a fact, often based on evidence or analysis.

See also: stwierdzanie, stwierdzenie, twierdzenie, potwierdzanie.

Note: This article uses a concise, neutral tone appropriate for a reference entry.