strömspänningskurvor

Strömspänningskurvor, often referred to as I-V curves, graphically represent the relationship between the electric current flowing through a component or device and the voltage applied across it. These curves are fundamental tools in understanding and characterizing the electrical behavior of various electronic components and circuits.

A typical I-V curve plots current on the vertical axis and voltage on the horizontal axis. The shape and characteristics of the curve reveal crucial information about the component. For instance, a linear relationship, where current is directly proportional to voltage (I = V/R), indicates an ohmic behavior, characteristic of resistors. The slope of this linear curve corresponds to the inverse of the resistance.

Non-ohmic components, such as diodes and transistors, exhibit more complex I-V curves. Diodes, for example, show a sharp increase in current only after a certain forward voltage threshold is reached, while blocking current in the reverse direction. Transistors, with their ability to amplify or switch signals, have I-V characteristics that depend on other control parameters, such as the gate or base voltage. Analyzing these curves allows engineers to determine parameters like threshold voltage, breakdown voltage, forward resistance, and other operational characteristics. They are essential for circuit design, analysis, and troubleshooting.