straits

A strait is a naturally occurring, relatively narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies and lies between landmasses. Straits are typically identified by their role as navigational channels rather than a fixed width or depth; they may be shallow or deep and may include islands along the way. They differ from channels (broader waterways) and canals (man-made passages).

A strait often forms through tectonic processes, sea-level changes, or erosion that leaves a waterway between land. It is usually characterized by tidal and ocean currents that drive exchange between the connected seas, affecting salinity and temperature. The waterways can host diverse ecosystems and serve as routes for migratory species where water mixing occurs.

Straits are among the world's most important maritime routes and chokepoints for international trade and naval movement. Some are subject to international law on navigational passage, with states balancing freedom of movement against security and environmental concerns. Control over a strait can have strategic and economic implications, influencing regional power dynamics and global shipping.

Notable examples include the Strait of Hormuz (linking the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea), the Bab al-Mandab (between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden), the Strait of Malacca (between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra), the Bosporus and Dardanelles (connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean and Mediterranean), and the Dover Strait (between the North Sea and the English Channel). The Strait of Magellan links the Atlantic and Pacific and holds historic significance as a major early route around South America.

Environmental and safety considerations include pollution risk, habitat disruption, and navigation-related accidents. Climate change and sea-level rise can alter strait widths and hydrology, with implications for ecosystems and shipping.