Malacca

Malacca, officially Melaka in Malay, is a state and historic city on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and Johor to the south, with a coastline along the Straits of Malacca. The capital and principal urban center is Malacca City, a historic port and administrative hub.

History and heritage have shaped Malacca’s identity. The port city emerged as a major trading hub in the 14th and 15th centuries, linking maritime networks between East and West. It was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511, followed by Dutch control in 1641 and later British influence. The strategic strait facilitated centuries of commerce and cultural exchange. In 2008, Melaka, together with George Town in Penang, was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for its exceptional historical architecture and urban layout.

Culture and society in Malacca reflect a multiracial and multiethnic population, including Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous communities. This blend is evident in the state’s cuisine, crafts, and festivals, particularly the Peranakan (Baba-Nyonya) heritage. Languages commonly spoken include Malay, English, Mandarin, and Tamil, with religious sites ranging from mosques and temples to churches.

Economy and tourism are key to Malacca’s contemporary profile. The historic heart of Malacca City attracts visitors to its museums, monuments, and riverfront districts, while manufacturing and port-related activities contribute to the broader economy.

Notable landmarks include the A Famosa fortress ruins, the Stadthuys, Christ Church, St. Paul’s Hill, and the Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum, with Jonker Street serving as a popular heritage and market district. The climate is tropical, with hot, humid conditions year-round and a wet season that supports lush landscapes.