stimulimet

Stimulimet are a class of medications that increase activity in the central nervous system, producing effects such as heightened alertness, improved focus, and greater wakefulness. They are predominantly prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In some regions, they have also been used to aid weight loss or manage certain sleep-related disorders, though use for obesity is more restricted today due to safety concerns.

Common stimulant medicines include methylphenidate (for example, Ritalin, Concerta), amphetamine mixed salts (such as Adderall), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and wake-promoting agents like modafinil and armodafinil. They work mainly by increasing levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which enhances attention and reduces impulsivity and fatigue. Modafinil and armodafinil have a less clearly defined mechanism but likewise promote wakefulness.

Stimulimet are typically available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations, allowing different dosing schedules. They are prescription medicines and are commonly classified as controlled substances in many countries due to potential for abuse and dependence. Side effects can include insomnia, reduced appetite and weight loss, increased heart rate and blood pressure, anxiety, and stomach upset. They may also exacerbate or unmask psychiatric symptoms in some individuals.

Contraindications and cautions include significant cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, history of substance use disorder, glaucoma, and certain psychiatric conditions. They can interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other medications. Regular medical supervision is advised, with particular attention to growth in children and monitoring for mood or behavioral changes. Alternatives include non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine or guanfacine, and behavioral therapies.