spunlacing

Spunlacing, also known as hydroentangling, is a method for bonding nonwoven fabrics by using high-pressure water jets to entangle and intermingle loose fibers. The objective is to produce cohesive, soft, and drapable fabrics without the need for binders or thermal bonding.

In the process, a web of staple fibers or microfibrillated polymers is formed and laid onto a moving support. The web is then repeatedly passed under an array of high-pressure water jets or through a latticed jet pattern, which mechanically entangles the fibers. The jet network can be configured to imprint textures and control fabric strength and density. After entanglement, the fabric is usually dried and may undergo finishing steps such as calendaring or chemical treatments.

Spunlaced fabrics are made from a wide range of fibers, including viscose, polyester, polypropylene, cotton, and blends. They are valued for a soft hand, good drape, and high permeability, making them suitable for products that require absorbency and comfort. Typical applications include consumer wipes, medical and hygiene products, filtration media, geotextiles, and interiors for automotive and furniture.

Advantages of spunlacing include the absence of binders, rapid production, and the ability to tailor texture and loft. Limitations involve significant water usage and energy requirements, high equipment costs, and the need for careful control to ensure uniform entanglement and fabric quality. Ongoing developments focus on water reuse, fiber compatibility, and energy-efficient jet designs.