spröden

Spröden is a Swedish term that is generally associated with the concept of brittleness. In everyday language spröd is the common adjective used to describe something that fractures with little plastic deformation. The form spröden is not widely used in contemporary standard Swedish as a standalone noun; the standard noun for brittleness is sprödhet, and spröd remains the usual adjective.

In materials science, brittleness refers to a material’s tendency to fracture without significant prior plastic deformation. Brittle materials tend to fail suddenly and with little warning when subjected to impact or rapid loading. Factors that influence brittleness include temperature, microstructure, grain size, impurities, and the presence of flaws. Brittleness is often contrasted with ductility, which describes a material’s ability to undergo substantial plastic deformation before breaking, and with toughness, which combines strength and energy absorption. Common instruments to study brittle behavior include Charpy and Izod impact tests, while fracture mechanics helps explain how cracks propagate in brittle materials. Examples of materials that are typically brittle include glass and ceramics; some metals can also behave brittly under certain conditions, such as low temperatures or high strain rates.

Linguistically, spröden may appear in historical texts or dialectal usage, but in modern Swedish sprödhet is the standard noun for brittleness, and spröd remains the common adjective. If encountered as a proper noun, Spröden would more likely appear as a surname or a place name in Nordic contexts.

See also: spröd, sprödhet, brittleness.