spravania

Spravania (Slovak: správanie) refers to the observable actions and reactions of an individual or group in response to stimuli and contexts. It is studied across disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethology, and education. In psychology, behavior is studied as observable actions and is distinguished from internal mental processes. The main theoretical frameworks include classical conditioning (Pavlov), operant conditioning (Skinner), and social learning (Bandura). Behavior can be voluntary or involuntary, conscious or automatic, and is often measured through controlled observations and experiments. In sociology and anthropology, behavior is understood as patterned, normative conduct shaped by culture, social roles, and institutions, with concepts such as conformity, deviance, socialization, and group dynamics. In education and developmental settings, behavior refers to actions that can be guided or modified through strategies such as positive reinforcement, behavior management plans, and classroom interventions. Methodologically, researchers study behavior using direct observation, experiments, self-report, and technological tools like video coding or ecological momentary assessment; issues of reliability and validity are central. Terminology: the standard Slovak term is správanie; the non-accented form spravanie may appear in informal writing, while spravovania is a grammatical form (genitive/dative) related to the noun. See also: psychology, sociology, ethology, behaviorism, learning theory.