spoiled

Spoiled is the past participle of spoil and functions as an adjective in several senses. It commonly describes something that has deteriorated or become unfit for its intended use, such as food that has spoiled due to microbial growth or chemical changes. It can also describe people or situations harmed by overindulgence, or an outcome ruined by someone’s actions (as in “to spoil a surprise”).

In the context of food safety, spoiled food denotes items that have undergone microbial growth, enzymatic breakdown, or chemical changes making them unsafe or unpalatable. Signs include off smells, sour or rancid tastes, slimy textures, discoloration, or visible mold. Some foods may appear normal yet still be unsafe, underscoring the importance of proper handling. Prevention relies on correct storage, temperature control, and hygiene: refrigerate perishable items promptly, keep raw and prepared foods separate to prevent cross-contamination, and observe use-by or best-before dates. Leftovers are typically safe for a few days when kept refrigerated, while highly perishable products should be discarded after the recommended window. Canning and other preservation methods require proper technique to avoid dangerous toxins such as botulism.

A spoiled person, often described as spoiled or spoiled rotten, is someone who has been excessively indulged or protected from consequence, leading to entitlement or difficulties with responsibility and social norms. Parenting styles, family dynamics, and cultural expectations influence this outcome, and the term is commonly discussed in education and psychology contexts.

Other uses include the verb form spoil, as in ruining or damaging something intentionally (for example, spoiling a surprise), and the broader idea of spoilage in economics, agriculture, or conservation contexts.