splitband

Splitband is a term used across signal processing and communications to describe techniques that divide a signal's spectrum into two or more distinct frequency bands for separate processing, transmission, or analysis. It is typically realized with filter banks or subband encoders that separate the input into subbands, allow independent processing, and then reconstruct the signal at the output.

In audio processing, split-band methods divide the spectrum into low and high frequency ranges for targeted processing such as compression, noise reduction, or dynamic range control. Split-band approaches can improve processing efficiency and reduce artifacts by treating different spectral regions according to their perceptual importance or engineering requirements.

In digital communications and media coding, split-band or subband coding uses multiple bands to encode or multiplex data, often via polyphase filter banks and quadrature mirror filters. This can enable scalable bitstreams, reduce bandwidth, or improve interference rejection and resilience in noisy channels.

In sensing and radar, split-band receivers or processing paths handle different bands separately to extend dynamic range, suppress interference, or fuse information from multiple spectral regions. This separation can enhance detectability and clarity in challenging environments.

Design and implementation considerations for splitband systems include ensuring proper band-edge alignment, minimizing aliasing, and managing latency and computational complexity. Modern solutions commonly employ efficient polyphase architectures and fast filter banks to balance performance with resource use.

See also: subband, filter bank, subband coding, polyphase, quadrature mirror filter.