spigots

A spigot is a valve or fitting that controls the discharge of liquid from a container or pipe. In plumbing, the term covers both a projecting outlet on a tank, barrel, or faucet assembly and the valve that opens to release water. In common usage, outdoor water outlets are frequently called spigots or hose bibs.

Common forms include garden spigots, also known as hose bibs, which provide a threaded outlet for hoses. Frost-free spigots (often called sillcocks) are designed with part of the valve set inside a heated area to reduce freezing. Inside a building, spigots on sinks or appliances use various valve mechanisms, such as compression valves with washers, cartridge valves, or ceramic-disc valves. The outlet may be threaded to accept hoses or fittings of standard sizes.

Materials and construction vary. Brass or bronze is typical for durability and corrosion resistance, while some models use stainless steel or plastic components. Finishes such as chrome or nickel plating are common on decorative or exposed fixtures. Outdoor spigots often incorporate features like backflow prevention or vacuum breakers to meet safety codes and reduce contamination risk.

Operation and maintenance are straightforward but important. Turning the handle or lever opens the valve to allow water flow and closing it stops flow. Leaks commonly arise from worn washers, seals, or valve seats. Winterizing outdoor spigots, such as draining or covering frost-free models, helps prevent burst pipes. Anti-siphon devices improve safety by preventing backflow into the supply.

See also: faucet, tap, sillcock, bibcock, hose bib. Spigots play a central role in residential plumbing, irrigation, and the handling of liquids in containers and industrial settings.