spektrometrischen

In German-language contexts, spektrometrische Methoden refer to analytical techniques that obtain spectral information by measuring interactions between matter and radiation or charged particles. The term encompasses a broad class of methods that rely on the detection of light or ion signals across a spectrum. The goal is to identify substances, determine concentrations, or elucidate structural properties.

Optical spectrometry includes absorption, emission and scattering techniques. In absorption spectrometry, a sample absorbs selected wavelengths, and the resulting spectrum enables concentration assessment via the Beer-Lambert law. Emission techniques detect light emitted by excited species, useful for element or trace analysis. Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy probe molecular structure and environment; instrumentation typically comprises a light source, a sample compartment, a dispersive or interferometric element, and a light detector.

Mass spectrometry measures mass-to-charge ratios of ionized molecules. After ionization, ions are separated by a mass analyzer and detected. MS provides high sensitivity and specificity for molecular identification and quantification; it is often coupled with separation methods such as gas or liquid chromatography (GC-MS, LC-MS). High-resolution MS can determine exact masses; tandem MS (MS/MS) provides structural information and fragmentation patterns.

Applications and considerations: spektrometrische methods are widely used in chemistry, biology, environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, forensics, and materials science. Calibration, standards, and matrix effects are important sources of error. Instrumental design aims for sensitivity, resolution, and speed, while data interpretation relies on spectral libraries and chemometric tools.