solishtirma

Solishtirma is a linguistic term used in Uzbek and other Turkic-language traditions to denote the process and grammatical category of comparison. It concerns how speakers express relationships of relativity between entities, most commonly through the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs, but it can also apply to other words and constructions that mark comparison. The term itself reflects the central idea of evaluating one item against another.

In practice, solishtirma covers the forms and constructions that indicate a higher, lower, or equal degree of a specified quality. This can be done analytically, using separate words or periphrastic phrases such as more or less in many languages, or synthetically, through affixes or stem changes attached to the base word. The exact mechanisms vary by language, with some languages employing irregular or highly idiomatic forms and others using regular, productive patterns. The study of solishtirma therefore encompasses morphology, syntax, and word formation as they relate to expressing comparison.

Applications of solishtirma appear across grammar, language teaching, lexicography, and translation. It connects with related concepts such as superlatives, degree modifiers, and comparative constructions in discourse. Scholarly work on solishtirma often analyzes typological patterns—how different languages create and use comparative forms—and the ways these forms interact with sentence structure and meaning. In summary, solishtirma is the linguistic tool by which speakers draw distinctions of degree and relativity between objects, events, and ideas.