sodCencoded

SodCencoded refers to the enzyme product of the sodC gene in many Gram-negative bacteria, namely a periplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The SodC-encoded enzyme protects the periplasmic space from oxidative damage by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, using copper and zinc as cofactors. This activity helps bacteria cope with reactive oxygen species generated during metabolism and by host immune defenses.

Localization and structure are defining features of sodCencoded enzymes. They are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that directs export to the periplasm via the Sec pathway. After signal peptidedegradation, the mature enzyme resides in the periplasm, where it can neutralize superoxide near the outer membrane. CuZnSODs typically rely on conserved histidine residues coordinating copper and zinc and may exist as dimers or monomers, depending on the species.

Genetic and regulatory context vary among bacteria. The sodC gene is usually chromosome-encoded in many species, though some bacteria harbor multiple sodC-like copies or plasmid-borne variants. Expression of sodC is influenced by oxidative stress and may be regulated by global stress responses, integrating signals about the redox state of the cell.

Biological significance and applications are centered on oxidative stress resistance and virulence. SodCencoded enzymes contribute to survival under immune attack in several pathogens and have been explored in studies of pathogenesis and as potential targets for vaccines or therapeutics in some organisms.

See also: superoxide dismutase, CuZnSOD, oxidative stress response.