socialconservative

Social conservatism is a political and moral philosophy that emphasizes the preservation of traditional social norms, institutions, and hierarchies. Proponents argue that long-standing cultural practices, religious beliefs, and family structures form the backbone of societal stability and individual virtue. They typically advocate public policies that reflect and reinforce these norms in law, education, and culture.

Core beliefs include upholding traditional definitions of marriage and family, opposition to abortion and certain assisted reproductive technologies, support for religious expression in public life, and a preference for social order, community norms, and personal responsibility over rapid social change. Critics sometimes describe these positions as restricting individual autonomy or minority rights.

Policy positions vary by country but commonly feature limits on abortion, support for parental rights and school moral education, protection of religious liberty and conscience clauses, and a cautious or selective approach to social welfare and immigration policies intended to defend traditional communities. In practice, social conservatives may align with religious or cultural groups rather than a single party platform.

Historically the term emerged within modern conservatism in the 20th century. In the United States it has been associated with the Christian right and family-values advocacy; in Europe, similar ideas appear in Christian democratic and socially conservative parties. The movement is often distinct from libertarian or secular conservative strands.

Common criticisms include the argument that social conservatism can infringe on individual rights and pluralism, particularly for women, LGBTQ+ people, and religious minorities. Supporters counter that it defends moral order, social cohesion, and long-term stability. The term is used differently across regions and political contexts.