smallholding

Smallholding is a term used to describe a small-scale agricultural property, typically including a dwelling and a parcel of land used for farming, keeping livestock, or growing produce. There is no universal size threshold; definitions vary by country and context, but smallholdings are generally smaller and less capital-intensive than commercial farms. They are often managed by a family or a small team.

Common features include mixed farming, with a combination of crops, fruit or orchard, and modest livestock such as hens, sheep, or goats. Production is usually diversified to spread risk and may include on-farm processing or direct sales to local markets. Land tenure ranges from ownership to tenancy, with planning and regulatory requirements varying by region.

Economic and social roles vary, providing subsistence or supplementary income, supporting rural livelihoods, and contributing to local food networks. Challenges include weather, disease, market access, and capital constraints. Smallholders may participate in subsidies, grants, or training programs and often emphasize sustainable practices, soil health, biodiversity, and energy efficiency as part of resilient farming.