smallbore

Smallbore refers to firearms and ammunition of small bore diameters, typically up to .22 inch (5.6 mm). In sporting contexts, smallbore rifle events use .22 caliber rimfire ammunition, most commonly the .22 Long Rifle cartridge. The term contrasts with fullbore or centerfire rifles that use larger calibers.

In shooting sports, smallbore events are conducted at short to moderate distances, commonly at 50 meters or 25 meters, with targets and scoring systems designed for precision. The principal disciplines include variants such as prone and three-position events, where competitors shoot from standing, kneeling, and prone positions. Smallbore competitions emphasize accuracy, control, and steadiness, with equipment and rules standardized for fair comparison across venues.

Governing bodies and formats: International competition is overseen by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), which regulates many smallbore rifle events and their standards at the international level. National federations organize regional and national championships, training programs, and youth development within their jurisdictions. Olympic and Paralympic programs have historically included smallbore rifle events at 50 meters, though event formats and availability can evolve over time.

History and use: The smallbore class developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as an affordable, low-recoil method for training and sport shooting. Its cost efficiency and accessibility contributed to widespread club participation and youth programs. While primarily associated with rifle shooting, the broader discipline of smallbore shooting is distinct from airgun and larger-caliber rifle competitions, each with its own equipment and rules.