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Scanning tunneling microscopy, often abbreviated as STM, is a powerful type of microscopy used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Developed in the early 1980s by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention, STM relies on the quantum mechanical phenomenon of electron tunneling.
The core principle of STM involves a sharp conducting tip, ideally ending in a single atom, which
An STM instrument scans this tip across the sample surface. Two primary modes of operation are common.
STM has revolutionized surface science by allowing researchers to visualize and manipulate individual atoms. It is