sisteme

Sisteme is the Romanian plural form of sistem, meaning systems. A system is a set of interrelated components organized to achieve some purpose and bounded from its environment. The term is used across disciplines—science, engineering, economics, sociology, and information technology—to describe how parts interact to form a coherent whole.

Systems have structures and interfaces, with components that can be objects, processes, or information flows. Boundaries separate the system from its surroundings, while interfaces define how it exchanges energy, matter, and data with other systems. Systems can be natural, like ecosystems, or human-made, like transportation networks or computer networks.

Systems can be categorized by openness (open, closed, isolated), complexity (simple, complex, chaotic), and dynamics (static vs dynamic). Key concepts include feedback, control, adaptation, and emergence, where properties appear at the system level that are not present in individual parts. Modeling and analysis techniques from systems theory and cybernetics help predict behavior and optimize performance.

The notion of systems theory emerged in the 20th century with contributions from Ludwig von Bertalanffy and others. In Romanian usage, "sisteme" commonly refers to multiple systems within a field, from physical systems to organizational or computational ones. Examples range from solar systems and ecological networks to information systems and economic structures.