siseõhu

Siseõhk refers to the air inside buildings and other enclosed spaces where people live, work or spend time. Siseõhu kvaliteet (indoor air quality) describes the composition and cleanliness of this air and is influenced by ventilation, temperature and humidity, and by emissions from indoor sources as well as by pollutants that infiltrate from outside.

Common indoor contaminants include particulate matter such as dust, pollen and PM2.5, volatile organic compounds released by paints, solvents and cleaning products, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and radon in certain regions. Biological agents like mold, bacteria, and dust mites can thrive in damp conditions. Human activities such as cooking, smoking, and the use of combustion appliances, as well as moisture and dampness, strongly affect siseõhu quality.

Poor siseõhu kvaliteet can cause short-term symptoms such as eye, nose or throat irritation, headaches, fatigue and reduced concentration. Long-term exposure has been linked to respiratory problems, aggravated asthma, allergies and increases in the incidence of other conditions. Vulnerable groups include children, the elderly and people with preexisting health issues.

Measurement and management focus on ventilation and source control. Monitoring often uses carbon dioxide as a proxy for ventilation adequacy, alongside measurements of PM, VOCs, humidity and temperature. Improving siseõhu quality involves increasing outdoor air exchange, using effective filtration, reducing emission sources, maintaining moisture control, and regular maintenance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Regulatory guidance varies by country but commonly includes WHO indoor air quality recommendations and EU or national building and ventilation standards emphasizing healthy, energy-efficient indoor environments.