singlereed

Singlereed, commonly written as single-reed, is a term used in wind-instrument terminology to describe a type of reed that vibrates as a single blade. It is primarily associated with wind instruments that use a mouthpiece into which a single piece of cane or synthetic material is fitted. This contrasts with double-reed setups, such as those used by oboes and bassoons, which employ two blades.

Traditionally, single-reed reeds are fashioned from Arundo donax cane harvested to particular densities; the cane is dried, gouged, shaped, and thinned at the tip to create an adjustable vibrating element. Modern alternatives include synthetic reeds made from polymers or composite materials designed to emulate cane behavior and offer greater consistency across humidity and temperature shifts. In both cases, reeds are mounted on a mouthpiece and secured with a ligature.

Sound production arises when the air blown by the player causes the reed to vibrate, which in turn excites the instrument's air column. The reed's thickness distribution, tip opening, and overall cut influence response, tone color, and pitch stability. Reed strength is commonly described as soft, medium, or hard, with finer distinctions based on tip and back thickness.

Manufacture and maintenance involve careful shaping and scraping for cane reeds; players adjust tip thickness, heart thickness, and back length to suit their embouchure and playing style. Reeds wear out with use and humidity; replacement and occasional reshaping are routine parts of instrument upkeep.

Applications: The term most commonly refers to single-reed mouthpieces used with clarinets and saxophones. In these instruments, the reed is the primary vibrating element; other woodwinds use different reed configurations. The choice of reed, including material and cut, significantly affects playability and tone.