siklócsapágy

A siklócsapágy, known in English as a plain bearing or journal bearing, is a type of bearing that uses sliding friction instead of rolling elements to support a load. It typically consists of a shaft (journal) and a stationary housing (bearing surface), with a lubricant between them. The primary function of a plain bearing is to reduce friction and wear between moving parts.

The surfaces in contact are generally made of materials with low friction coefficients, such as bronze, Babbitt metal, plastics, or even specialized composite materials. Lubrication is crucial for the proper functioning and longevity of plain bearings. It separates the moving surfaces, reduces friction, dissipates heat, and helps to remove wear debris. Common lubricants include oil and grease. In some applications, self-lubricating materials are used, eliminating the need for external lubrication.

Plain bearings are characterized by their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to withstand high loads and shock loads. They are often used in applications where space is limited or where resistance to contamination is important. Examples include automotive components like crankshaft and connecting rod bearings, hinges, gears, and various industrial machinery. Their main disadvantage compared to rolling element bearings is higher friction, especially at startup, and a potentially shorter lifespan under heavy or high-speed conditions without adequate lubrication. Maintenance, particularly lubrication, is critical for their performance.