semitonne

A semitonne, also known as a quarter tone, is a musical interval that is equal to half of a traditional semitone in the tuning system used in Western music. In the equal temperament system, which divides an octave into 12 equal parts, a semitone is the smallest standard interval between two adjacent notes. A semitonne divides this interval into two equal parts, resulting in a pitch difference of approximately 50 cents, compared to the 100 cents of a semitone.

Historically, the semitonne appears in various musical traditions and tuning systems beyond Western equal temperament. It is especially prominent in Middle Eastern, Indian, and some folk music, where microtonal intervals contribute to the distinct melodic and expressive qualities of these traditions. Composers interested in exploring microtonality often utilize semitonne intervals to achieve novel harmonic and melodic effects.

In Western classical music, the use of semitonne is relatively rare and typically encountered in experimental or contemporary compositions. Instruments capable of producing microtonal intervals, such as the aulos or specially modified keyboard instruments, are sometimes employed to explore these subtle pitches.

Notable composers who have incorporated the semitonne or other microtones include Charles Ives, Alois Haba, and Julián Carrillo. The acceptance and use of such intervals challenge the conventional boundaries of Western tuning standards, broadening the expressive potential of musical language. Overall, the semitonne is an integral element of microtonal music, enriching the palette of pitch and harmony available to composers and performers alike.