selfarrest

Self-arrest is a winter mountaineering technique used to stop a slide on snow or soft ice by using an ice axe. It is a fundamental skill for travelers on steep, snow-covered terrain and is taught as part of basic winter safety training.

The general principle is to drive the ice axe into the snow to create a bite that resists motion. In a fall, the climber typically positions the axe in front of the body and uses both hands to apply downward pressure, guiding the tool into the surface while keeping the chest and torso low to the ground. The goal is to maximize friction between the axe and snow, absorb momentum, and come to a controlled stop rather than to continue sliding. Hands are placed on the axe so that one is near the head and the other on the shaft; the body remains compact, the head is kept up to scan for hazards, and the legs are braced to stabilize the stop.

Training and safety: Self-arrest should be learned from qualified instructors and practiced on gentle slopes with soft snow before attempting more challenging terrain. Use a properly sized ice axe and a helmet, wear protective clothing, and practice in safe conditions. Effectiveness is reduced on hard-packed snow or ice, and on very steep slopes some slides cannot be arrested.

Limitations: Even with training, injury can occur if the arrest fails or if terrain changes abruptly after stopping. Self-arrest is a crucial skill but not a guaranteed safety measure in all snow and slope conditions.