seconding

Seconding is a procedural act in many deliberative bodies in which a member signals support for bringing a motion before the group for discussion. The person who seconds a motion usually does not have to be the author, and their role is simply to indicate that there is some interest in considering the proposal. The requirement and consequences of seconding vary according to the organization's rules, such as Robert’s Rules of Order, bylaws, or customary practice.

In practice, after a member makes a motion, the chair typically asks for a second. If another member seconds the motion, the chair notes that the motion is seconded and debate can begin. If no one seconds the motion, it is usually treated as not being properly before the assembly and may be dismissed or laid aside according to the rules. A motion that is not seconded generally does not proceed to discussion or a vote.

Seconding also occurs with nominations for offices or positions. A member may second a nomination to demonstrate support for considering the candidate; practices vary, but a second is often required for the nomination to proceed. As with motions, the second does not necessarily imply endorsement of the motion or the candidate's merits; it merely indicates that there is at least some backing.

Limitations: Some motions or matters (such as certain points of order) may not require a second, and some organizations allow motions to proceed with different thresholds for seconds. Overall, seconding acts as a gatekeeping step to ensure that only motions with demonstrable support are brought to the floor for consideration.