seawall
A seawall is a coastal defense structure built parallel to the shoreline to protect land and developments from waves, storm surge, and coastal erosion. Seawalls are typically constructed behind the beach or at the back of a floodplain and are designed to reflect or dissipate wave energy, reducing direct wave impact on the shore.
Types and materials: Common forms include concrete vertical or sloped walls, gravity walls, and rubble-mound revetments
Function and design considerations: Design depends on wave climate, tidal range, water levels, and soil conditions.
Construction and maintenance: Construction requires geotechnical assessment, proper foundation bearing, and drainage. Maintenance includes inspection, crack
History and context: Seawalls have been used for centuries in various forms and are a common element