röntgendiffraktiokuvauksessa
Röntgendiffraktion, or X-ray diffraction (XRD), is a family of techniques used to study the arrangement of atoms in crystalline materials. When X-rays interact with a crystal, the waves are scattered by electron clouds in the lattice, and constructive interference occurs at specific angles. This phenomenon is described by Bragg's law, nλ = 2d sin θ, where d is the spacing between crystal planes, θ is the angle of incidence, and λ is the X-ray wavelength.
The most common form is powder XRD, in which a powdered or polycrystalline sample provides many randomly
Data analysis in XRD includes phase identification by comparing patterns to reference databases, determination of lattice
Applications span materials science, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, and pharmaceuticals. XRD is used to identify phases, characterize