runons

Run-ons are sentences in which two or more independent clauses are combined without proper punctuation or conjunctions. They undermine clarity by making it harder for readers to identify where one thought ends and another begins. Run-ons can be categorized mainly as fused sentences (no punctuation between clauses) and comma splices (a comma joining independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction).

Examples help illustrate the distinction. A fused sentence: The rain continued the match was postponed. A comma splice: The rain continued, the match was postponed. Corrected versions include: The rain continued, and the match was postponed. or The rain continued; the match was postponed.

To prevent run-ons, writers can break long thoughts into shorter sentences, add a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet), or use a semicolon to link closely related independent clauses. Dashes or colons can also signal relationships, but overuse may affect tone. Reading aloud and revising with punctuation in mind helps improve clarity.

In academic and professional writing, run-ons are usually treated as errors and editors may flag them for revision. In some literary styles, longer sentences are intentional and may be used for rhythm or emphasis. Understanding the grammar rules and considering the audience can guide how strictly run-ons are avoided.