rieo

Rieo is a traditional Japanese musical instrument that belongs to the family of bowed string instruments. It is similar in construction and playing technique to the European violin but has distinct cultural and historical significance in Japan. The name "rieo" is derived from the Japanese word for "violin," though it is often referred to by regional names such as *fiddler* or *gegen* in certain areas.

The instrument typically features a small, pear-shaped body made from wood, usually paulownia or maple, with a single bow made from horsehair stretched over a wooden stick. Rieo strings are usually made of metal or synthetic materials, though historically, gut strings were used. It is played with a technique that resembles that of the violin, including bowing and plucking, and is often used in folk music, particularly in regions like Hokkaido, where it is a staple of traditional *enka* and *minyo* (folk song) performances.

The rieo gained prominence during the Edo period (1603–1868) as a portable instrument for traveling musicians and storytellers. Its compact size and versatility made it popular among wandering performers, who used it to accompany narrative songs and dances. Over time, the rieo evolved alongside regional musical styles, adapting to local preferences in tuning and ornamentation.

Today, the rieo remains an important part of Japanese folk music, though its use has declined in modern times. Efforts to preserve and revive traditional playing techniques have been made through cultural preservation programs and performances at festivals. The instrument is also studied in music education as a representation of Japan’s rich musical heritage. While not as widely known internationally as the violin, the rieo continues to be celebrated as a unique expression of Japanese musical tradition.