rhinusitis

Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the nasal passages and sinuses. It is a common health issue worldwide, with estimated prevalence ranging from 5% to 20% in adults and 6% to 12% in children. The condition can be acute or chronic, with the latter being a persistent inflammation that lasts more than 12 weeks.

The symptoms of rhinosinusitis can vary depending on the duration and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, thick yellow or green nasal discharge, diminished sense of smell, and coughing. In more severe cases, patients may experience headaches, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping due to nasal congestion.

The causes of rhinosinusitis are multifaceted and can be categorized into infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis often results from a bacterial infection, typically caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Allergies, asthma, and anatomical abnormalities, such as a deviated septum, can also contribute to the development of rhinosinusitis.

Diagnosis of rhinosinusitis primarily relies on clinical evaluation and visual inspection of the nasal passages. Nasal endoscopy or computed tomography (CT) scans may be used to confirm the condition and rule out other potential causes. Treatment options include antibiotics for bacterial infections, nasal corticosteroids for inflammation, saline nasal sprays for congestion, and decongestants for relieving nasal obstruction. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct anatomical defects or remove blockages in the nasal passages. Effective management of rhinosinusitis requires a comprehensive approach, addressing both infectious and non-infectious factors.