rhinorea

Rhinorea is a term occasionally used in medical literature to denote nasal discharge, though rhinorrhea is the more common English term. In contexts where rhinorea appears, it refers to the flow of mucus from the nasal cavity. The word is sometimes encountered as a regional or variant spelling rather than a distinct clinical diagnosis.

Causes and presentation

Nasal discharge can arise from infections (such as the common cold or sinusitis), allergic reactions (allergic rhinitis), irritants (smoke, pollution, strong chemicals), and noninfectious rhinitis. Less frequently, rhinorea may be associated with structural issues, hormonal changes, medications, or, in some cases, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The discharge can be serous (clear), mucoid, or purulent and may be bilateral or, more rarely, unilateral. CSF leaks typically present as a persistent, clear, watery nasal discharge that is often unilateral and may require urgent evaluation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination. Red flags include persistent unilateral discharge, recurrent meningitis symptoms, or a history of head trauma. When CSF leak is suspected, specific tests such as beta-2 transferrin or beta-trace protein testing, along with imaging and endoscopic assessment, may be employed.

Management

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Allergic rhinitis and noninfectious rhinitis are managed with avoidance of triggers, intranasal corticosteroids, and antihistamines. Infectious rhinitis or sinusitis is typically treated with supportive care; antibiotics if bacterial infection is indicated. A suspected CSF leak requires prompt evaluation by a specialist and often surgical repair.

Note

Rhinorea is not a distinct disease but a term used in some languages or sources to describe nasal discharge. In English-language clinical texts, rhinorrhea is the preferred term.