rezonanciának

Rezonancia, or resonancia, is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies called resonance frequencies. When an external periodic force drives the system at or near its natural frequency, energy transfer is efficient and the amplitude can grow substantially.

In physics, resonance occurs in mechanical, acoustic, electrical, and optical systems. Mechanical resonance appears in structures and machinery; acoustic resonance occurs in cavities and musical instruments; electrical resonance arises in circuits that include inductors and capacitors; optical resonance appears in various photonic and nano-scale structures. The phenomenon results from the exchange of energy between different modes of the system, often amplified by constructive interference.

Key concepts include the natural frequency, damping, and the quality factor, often denoted Q, which describes how sharply the system resonates. For a damped driven oscillator, the steady-state amplitude is largest near the natural frequency when damping is small. Damping lowers the peak and broadens the resonance, reducing the maximum amplitude but increasing stability.

Applications range from radio tuning and musical instruments to architectural and mechanical design aimed at avoiding harmful vibrations, vibration isolation, and sensors that exploit resonant effects. In Hungarian, the form "rezonanciának" is the dative (to/for the resonance) form of the noun "rezonancia" and is used in phrases that attribute effects or characteristics to a resonance.