rezonace

Rezonance is a phenomenon where an oscillating system exhibits a maximum amplitude of vibration when the frequency of an applied external force matches the system's natural frequency. This natural frequency is an inherent property of the system, determined by its physical characteristics such as mass, stiffness, and damping. When the driving frequency is close to the natural frequency, the system absorbs energy efficiently from the external force, leading to a significant increase in the amplitude of oscillation.

This effect is observed in various fields of science and engineering. In acoustics, rezonance can amplify sound waves, as seen in musical instruments where the body of the instrument resonates with the vibrating strings or air column, producing a richer and louder tone. In mechanics, rezonance can be detrimental. For example, bridges can experience catastrophic failure if subjected to vibrations at their natural frequency, a phenomenon famously illustrated by the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. Engineers must design structures to avoid such resonant conditions.

In electronics, rezonance occurs in circuits containing inductors and capacitors. These resonant circuits are fundamental to tuning radios, allowing them to select specific frequencies from broadcast signals. The phenomenon is also crucial in the behavior of atoms and molecules, where electrons can absorb or emit energy at specific frequencies corresponding to their energy level transitions, a principle utilized in spectroscopy. Understanding and controlling rezonance is therefore essential for predicting and manipulating the behavior of many physical systems.