retabulum

A retabulum is a medieval liturgical furnishing, essentially a painted or carved panel that was placed at the back of an altar. Its primary function was to adorn and enhance the visual presentation of the altar, which was the focal point of Christian worship. Retabula were often richly decorated with religious scenes, figures of saints, or abstract patterns, serving to educate the congregation and inspire devotion.

The term "retabulum" derives from the Latin word "retabulum," meaning "behind the table." These artworks could be made from various materials, including wood, stone, or even precious metals, and were frequently embellished with gilding and inlaid jewels. The style and complexity of a retabulum varied greatly depending on the period, region, and the wealth of the church or monastery it belonged to.

Over time, the retabulum evolved from simple decorative panels to elaborate altarpieces, sometimes spanning the entire width of the altar. They played a significant role in the development of religious art, providing a canvas for artists to depict theological narratives and express the spiritual beliefs of the time. While many medieval retabula have been lost or destroyed, surviving examples are now highly valued as historical and artistic treasures, offering insights into medieval religious practice and artistic achievement.