restrains

Restraints are devices or practices that limit a person’s movement or access to parts of the body, or otherwise constrain their freedom. The term encompasses physical restraints (belts, cuffs, bed rails, immobilization devices), chemical restraints (medications used to control agitation or behavior), and environmental or procedural restraints (locked rooms, restricted access to exits). In grammar, restrains is the third-person singular present form of restrain.

Restraints are used in medical, psychiatric, and caregiving settings to prevent harm to patients or staff when de-escalation, close observation, or environmental changes are insufficient.

Legal and ethical frameworks regulate restraint use. Practices typically require justification, documentation, oversight, and, when possible, consent; they are guided by the principle of the least restrictive means and by professional standards.

Risks include physical injury, psychological distress, dependence, and potential rights violations. Proper training, risk assessment, monitoring, and regular reviews are essential to minimize harm.

Alternatives emphasize de-escalation, communication, increased supervision, environmental modifications, and staffing strategies to reduce the need for restraints.

Historically, restraint practices have shifted toward greater oversight, patient rights, and data collection, reflecting evolving norms in medicine, law, and human rights.