resonanssipiirin

Resonanssipiiri, known in English as a resonant circuit or tuned circuit, is an electrical circuit consisting of a capacitor and an inductor. When these two components are connected, they exhibit a phenomenon called resonance at a specific frequency. This resonant frequency is determined by the values of the inductance and capacitance in the circuit. At this frequency, the impedance of the circuit becomes either purely resistive, or at its minimum or maximum depending on whether the components are in series or parallel.

The fundamental principle behind a resonant circuit is the energy exchange between the capacitor's electric field and the inductor's magnetic field. When an alternating voltage is applied, the capacitor stores charge and the inductor opposes changes in current. This creates an oscillation within the circuit. If the driving frequency matches the circuit's natural resonant frequency, the oscillations are sustained with minimal energy loss, leading to a significant increase in voltage or current amplitude.

Resonant circuits are fundamental building blocks in many electronic applications. They are crucial for tuning radios and televisions, allowing them to select specific broadcast frequencies while rejecting others. They are also used in filters to pass or block certain frequency ranges, in oscillators to generate stable frequencies, and in power supplies for voltage regulation. The Q factor (Quality factor) is a parameter that describes how sharp the resonance is, indicating the efficiency of the circuit in storing energy versus dissipating it. A higher Q factor means a narrower bandwidth and more selective tuning.