relaxers

Relaxers are chemical products designed to permanently loosen or straighten curly or tightly curled hair by breaking and re-forming the disulfide bonds within the hair shaft. They aim to smooth or straighten the natural curl pattern, with the straightened result lasting as new hair grows. The process typically involves applying a reducing agent to the cortex, rinsing, and then applying a neutralizing step to rebuild bonds in a new configuration.

Types of relaxers include lye-based formulations, which use sodium hydroxide, and no-lye formulations that rely on ammonium thioglycolate or guanidine compounds. No-lye products are sometimes marketed as gentler on the scalp, though sensitivity can vary. Some applications use a protective base cream on the scalp with lye formulas. Selection depends on hair type, scalp sensitivity, and prior chemical processing, and many practitioners perform strand tests to assess porosity and reaction.

Process and aftercare: Application times depend on hair texture and desired level of straightness; overprocessing can cause damage. After processing, a neutralizing or conditioning step restores pH and helps set the new bond configuration. Hair may become dry or brittle, so ongoing conditioning, protein treatments, and heat protection are important. Regular trims are often needed as new, untreated growth appears.

Safety and suitability: Relaxers carry risks such as scalp irritation, chemical burns, allergic reactions, and breakage if misused or applied to damaged hair. Patch testing is advised before full use. Professional application is common, especially for highly textured hair, though well-supervised at-home kits exist and require strict adherence to instructions and timing.

History and use: Developed in the 20th century as an option for managing textured hair, relaxers have evolved in formulations and safety standards. They remain a common method for achieving longer-lasting straightness, particularly among people with curly or coily hair.