thioglycolate

Thioglycolate refers to the salts and esters of thioglycolic acid, also known as mercaptoacetic acid (HOOC-CH2-SH). The most common forms are the alkali salts, such as sodium thioglycolate, potassium thioglycolate, and calcium thioglycolate. In these compounds the thiol group provides a sulfhydryl moiety that can participate in redox reactions, and the carboxyl group imparts water solubility.

Thioglycolates are reducing agents; they can reduce disulfide bonds in keratin, facilitating swelling and dissolution of hair. Commercial depilatory products use calcium or potassium thioglycolate; concentrations are optimized to hydrolyze keratin and provide keratolysis.

Thioglycolate-containing media, including thioglycolate broth and thioglycolate agar, are used in microbiology to culture anaerobic bacteria. The sulfhydryl groups and the reducing environment help maintain low redox potential by consuming ambient oxygen.

Safety and handling: Thioglycolates are irritants and potential sensitizers. They can release pungent sulfur compounds when oxidized; skin and eye protection is advised, and products should be kept away from oxidizers and acids. They should be stored in tightly closed containers and used according to the manufacturer's directions.