curled

Curled is an adjective formed from the verb curl, used to describe an object, part, or form that is bent, twisted, or coiled into a curve or spiral. The term is also used in phrases such as curled up, to indicate a compact or fetal position.

In biology, curling describes a morphological trait or response. In botany, leaves, petals, or tendrils may curl. Curling leaves can occur due to genetics (cultivars with curly leaves such as curly kale) or environmental stress, including drought, heat, or nutrient imbalance. Curling can also be observed in seed pods or fruit as a developmental stage or protective adaptation.

In zoology and common usage, curling describes physical features or postures. Some animals have curled tails or ears as a natural trait, and many species curl up when resting or sleeping, using the position to conserve heat or protect vital organs.

In everyday language, curled appears in descriptions of hair texture (curled hair, ringlets, corkscrews) and in art, craft, and design to describe coil-shaped components or decorative edges.

Etymology: The adjective curled derives from the verb curl, whose origins lie in the Old English and Germanic roots shared with other Germanic languages. As a participial form, it can describe state or condition in the present or past contexts.