rekenen

Rekenen is the process of determining numerical values by performing arithmetic operations. In Dutch, the term also refers to the subject of arithmetic taught in schools, and to the broader practice of numerical computation used in science, engineering, finance, and everyday life.

The core operations of rekenen are optellen (addition), aftrekken (subtraction), vermenigvuldigen (multiplication), and delen (division). Beyond these basics, rekenen covers fractions, decimals, percentages, and estimation, as well as the use of units and measures. Proficiency combines procedural skill with number sense and the ability to interpret results in context.

Historically, counting began with fingers and simple tallying, followed by devices such as the abacus. Mechanical calculators and slide rules appeared in the pre-digital era, and digital calculators and computers have since transformed how calculations are performed and checked.

In education, rekenen is a key component of basisonderwijs in Dutch-speaking regions. Instruction focuses on number sense, place value, and fluency with procedures, alongside problem solving, modeling, and reasoning. Modern pedagogy often emphasizes conceptual understanding and flexible strategies in addition to accuracy and speed.

Tools range from mental calculation and estimation to written algorithms and electronic calculators or computer software. Rekenen remains essential for financial literacy, scientific work, engineering, and everyday decisions.

See also: arithmetic, mathematics education, calculation.