refraktionsmodell

The refraktionsmodell, also known as the refraction model or refractive model, is a conceptual framework used primarily in the field of psychology to explain how individuals perceive and interpret social situations. Developed by social psychologists, this model emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in shaping perceptions of others' intentions, behaviors, and social dynamics.

At its core, the refraktionsmodell suggests that people do not passively observe social interactions but actively "refract" or bend their perceptions based on personal experiences, biases, and cultural influences. This process involves filtering incoming social information through preexisting mental frameworks, which can lead to distortions or selective attention. For example, an individual’s past experiences with authority figures may influence how they interpret the behavior of a supervisor, even if the supervisor’s actions are neutral or ambiguous.

The model draws parallels to the physical phenomenon of refraction, where light bends as it passes through different mediums. Similarly, social perceptions are "bent" or altered by cognitive and emotional factors, resulting in unique interpretations of the same event. This perspective highlights the subjective nature of social cognition and underscores the importance of considering an individual’s unique psychological context when analyzing behavior.

Critics of the refraktionsmodell argue that it may overemphasize individual differences while downplaying the structural and environmental factors that shape social interactions. However, proponents view it as a useful tool for understanding how personal biases and cognitive processes contribute to social perception, communication, and conflict resolution. The model is often applied in areas such as organizational behavior, clinical psychology, and intercultural communication to improve awareness of perceptual biases and enhance interpersonal understanding.