refraktiivkirurgia

Refraktiivikirurgia, or refractive surgery, refers to a group of surgical procedures aimed at correcting common visual impairments such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. The primary goal of refractive surgery is to reduce or eliminate the dependence on glasses or contact lenses, thereby improving visual acuity and quality of life.

The most widely performed refractive procedure is laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), which involves reshaping the cornea with a laser to alter its focusing power. Other techniques include surface ablation methods like photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK), which modify the cornea's surface without creating a corneal flap. Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a newer technique that involves removing a small piece of corneal tissue through a minimally invasive incision to correct myopia and astigmatism.

Refractive surgery is generally considered safe and effective for suitable candidates, usually adults with stable prescriptions and healthy eyes. Candidates undergo thorough preoperative assessments to evaluate corneal thickness, topography, and overall eye health. The procedures are typically performed on an outpatient basis, with rapid recovery times and minimal discomfort.

Potential risks include dry eyes, glare, halos, under- or over-correction, and, in rare cases, loss of vision. Long-term studies suggest that the results are durable, although some patients may require enhancements due to natural changes in vision over time.

While refractive surgery can significantly enhance visual clarity, it is not suitable for everyone. Proper consultation with an ophthalmologist is essential to determine candidacy and to understand the benefits and risks associated with each specific procedure.